Futebol e identidade nacional: o exemplo da participação das Super Águias da Nigéria no Mundial de Futebol 2018

  • Timothy Anyanwu Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.
  • Kelechi Ani Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike, Nigéria.
Palavras-chave: Futebol, Super Águias da Nigéria, Agitações Secessionistas, Identidade Nacional e Campeonato do Mundo de Futebol 2018

Resumo

A 14 de junho de 2018, começou o Campeonato do Mundo de Futebol na Rússia. Felizmente, a Nigéria qualificou-se para a competição e contou com jogadores de diferentes nacionalidades étnicas para jogar pela seleção nacional, as Super Águias. O torneio viveu um período de grande tensão provocado pelas agitações separatistas, sob a liderança de Nnamdi Kanu, do Povo Indígena do Biafra (IPOB). A agitação foi tal que muitos Igbo que viviam na parte norte do país (dominado pelo grupo étnico Hausa-Fulani) foram convidados a regressar à Igbolândia. Da mesma forma, os nortistas da Igbolândia enfrentaram várias ameaças. Mas assim que o Campeonato do Mundo começou, houve uma mudança em relação ao status quo-ante, à medida que os apêndices étnicos foram menosprezados. Este artigo baseou-se no método da história oral, nas publicações nas redes sociais e na investigação etnográfica para defender que a aplicação do futebol é uma ferramenta potente para a coesão nacional. O estudo não negou que o referido espírito nacional tenha sido de curta duração; em vez disso, sustentou que o mesmo poderia ser explorado em tentativas de construção nacional. O estudo recomendou, por isso, uma aplicação bem planeada do futebol nas questões nacionais.

Referências

-Akindutire, I.O. The Historical Development of Soccer in Nigeria: An Appraisal of its Emerging Prospects. Canadian Journal of the History of Sport. Vol. 22. Num. 1. 1991. p. 25-31. https://doi.org/10.1123/cjhs.22.1.20

-Akyeampong, E.; Ambler, C. Leisure in African History: An Introduction. The International Journal of African Historical Studies. Vol. 35. Num. 1. 2002. p. 1-16. https://doi.org/10.2307/3097363

-Aliguechi, A.M.; Frimeche, M. Football and Regime’s Legitimacy in Algeria. Algerian Journal of Human and Social Sciences. Vol. 6. Num. 2. 2022. p. 339-354. https://www.asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/579/6/2/211098

-Amadasun, O. History of Soccer in Africa. Lagos: Times Books. 1994.

-Ameh, E. UPDATED: Nnamdi Kanu re-arrested, returned to Nigeria – Malami. 2021. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/470566-updated-nnamdi-kanu-re-arrested-returned-to-nigeria-malami.html?tztc=1. Retrieved 20/07/2023.

-Ani, K.J.; Anyanwu, T.C. Football, racism and peacebuilding in colonial Nigeria. Brazilian Journal of Futsal and Football. Vol. 15. Num. 62. 2023. p. 189-199. http://www.rbff.com.br/index.php/rbff/article/view/1340/1035

-Anyanwu, T.C. Ethno Religious Conflicts and Nation Building in Nigeria. Journal of Nation-building & Policy Studies. Vol. 3. Num. 1. 2019. p. 61-74. https://www.proquest.com/indexingvolumeissuelinkhandler/4529098/Journal+of+Nation-Building+and+Policy+Studies/02019Y06Y01$23Jun+2019$3b++Vol.+3+$281$29/3/1;jsessionid=C782C06B34F99A7B00DD953E96B38B4D.i-089ef348911973749. Retrieved 20/07/2023.

-Are, J. UK asks Nigeria to explain how Nnamdi Kanu was arrested. 2021. https://www.thecable.ng/uk-asks-nigeria-to-explain-how-nnamdi-kanu-was-arrested. Retrieved 20/07/2023.

-Bimpe, P. History of Nigeria Football Federation. 2020. https://www.sports247.ng/history-of-nigeria-football-federation-2/. Retrieved 16/07/2023.

-Bingham, A. Reading Newspapers: Cultural Histories of the Popular Press in Modern Britain’, History Compass. Vol. 10. Num. 2. 2012. p. 140-150.

-Boer, J.H. Nigeria’s Decades of Blood, 1980-2002. Ontario: Essence Publishing. 2003.

-Boer, W. A Story of Heroes and Epics: The History of Football in Nigeria. Ibadan: Bookcraft. 2018.

-Busari, S.; Nimi P. Nigerian separatist leader brought back to Nigeria to face trial. 2021. https://edition.cnn.com/2021/06/29/africa/nnamdi-kanu-arrested-nigeria-intl/index.html. Retrieved 20/07/2023.

-Dionisio, P.; Leal, C.; Moutinho, L. Fandom affiliation and tribal behaviour: A sports marketing application.’Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal. Vol. 11. Num. 1. 2008. p. 17-39.

-Fair, L. Kicking’ It: Leisure, Politics and Football in Colonial Zanzibar, 1900s-1950s. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. Vol. 67. Num. 2. 1997. p. 224-251. https://doi.org/10.2307/1161443

-FIFA. InsideFIFA. https://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/organisation. 2023. Retrieved 20 July, 2023.

-Giulianotti, R. Supporters, followers, fans, and flaneurs: A Taxonomy of spectator identities in football. Journal of Sport and Social Issues. Vol. 26. Num. 1. 2002. p. 25-46.

-Gooding, P. Historic Newspapers in the Digital Age: Search All About It!. London: Routledge. 2016.

-Historyville. A History of Nigerian football: From Red Devils to Super Eagles. https://www.thehistoryville.com/nigerian-football/. 2022. Retrieved 17/07/2023.

-Hobsbawm, E. Introduction: Inventing Traditions.’ In E. Hobsbawm and R. Terence (Eds.) The Invention of Tradition. 1-14. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 1992.

-Hough, P. Make Goals Not War: The contribution of international football to world peace. International Journal of the History of Sport. Vol. 25. Num. 10. 2008. p. 1287 - 1305.

-Jacob, U.H.; Nwobi, I.O.; Igboji, C.D. The Biafran State & the Rise of IPOB: A Crack on Nigeria’s National Integration. Social Sciences. Vol. 9. Num. 1. 2020. p. 40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ss.20200901.15.

-Klugman, M. Loves, suffering and identification: The passions of Australian football league fans.’ The International Journal of the History of Sport. Vol. 26. Num. 1. 2009. p. 21-44.

-Loy, J.W.; Mcpherson, B.D.; Kenyon, G. Sport and Social Systems: A Guide to the Analysis, Problems, and Literature. Reading, MA: Addison, Wesley Publishing Company. 1978.

-Martin, P. Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2002.

-Mcpherson, K.; Brooke, S. Global Football: Introduction. Histoire sociale / Social History. Vol. 45. Num. 90. 2012. p. 217-219. https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2012.0033

-Mvutsebanka, C. Football in Burundi is a Tool for reconciliation and Political Legitimacy. Africa at LSE. 2020.

-Nigerian Daily Times, The (1933). 27/07/1933. p. 6.

-Nwanze, C. A brief history of Nigeria’s Super Eagles. 2014. https://africasacountry.com/2014/06/a-brief-history-of-nigerias-super-eagles. Retrieved 17/07/2023.

-Ojukwu, E.O. Because I am Involved. Ibadan: Spectrum Books. 1989.

-Orjinmo, N. Nnamdi Kanu's arrest leaves Nigeria's IPOB separatists in disarray. 2021. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-57693863. Retrieved 20/07/2023.

-School Software Pro. Nigerian football history. 2022. https://www.schoolsoftware.com.ng/nigerian-football-history/. Retrieved 16/07/2023.

-Sherif, M.; Harvey, O.L.; White, B.L.; Hood, W.R.; Sherif, C.W. Inter-group cooperation and competition: The Robber's Cave experiment. Norman, OK: University Book Exchange. 1961.

-Tajfel, H.; Turner, J.C. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In W. G. Austin & S.Worchel (Eds.), The social psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 33-47). Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. 1979.

-Tajfel, H. La categorisation sociale (English translation). In S. Moscovici (Ed.), Introduction a la psychologie sociale. Paris, France: Larouse. 1972.

-The Nation Newspaper, The Biafra Zionist Movement. 2012. ’ https://thenationonlineng.net/the-biafra-zionist-movement/ Retrieved 20/07/2023.

-The Nigerian Pioneer, The (1933). 8 December, p. 8.

-The Nigerian Tribune. The History of Football in Nigeria. 2021. https://tribuneonlineng.com/the-history-of-football-in-nigeria/. Retrieved 17/07/2023.

-Turner, J.C. Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group. In H. Tajfel (Eds.), Social identity and intergroup relations (pp. 15-40). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 1982.

-West African Pilot, The (1953). 13 April. p.4.

Publicado
2024-07-30
Como Citar
Anyanwu, T., & Ani, K. (2024). Futebol e identidade nacional: o exemplo da participação das Super Águias da Nigéria no Mundial de Futebol 2018. RBFF - Revista Brasileira De Futsal E Futebol, 16(65), 323-337. Obtido de https://www.rbff.com.br/index.php/rbff/article/view/1437
Secção
Artigos Cientí­ficos - Original