¿Puede la práctica del fútbol profesional provocar desequilibrios en la fuerza muscular?

  • José Carlos dos Santos Albarello Muscle Biomechanics Laboratory, Physical Education and Sports School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Gustavo Henrique Halmenschlager Muscle Biomechanics Laboratory, Physical Education and Sports School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
  • Eduardo Favreto Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
  • Willian Fin Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
  • Mateus Ahlert Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
  • Cleiton Chiamonti Bona Biomechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil.
Palabras clave: Asimetria bilateral, Relación I/Q, Extensores de rodilla, Flexores de rodilla, Esfuerzo de torsión

Resumen

En este estudio, comparamos los parámetros de fuerza de la rodilla evaluados en futbolistas profesionales en las temporadas preparatoria y competitiva, separadas por 12 semanas. El torque pico de los extensores y flexores de la rodilla, la relación isquiotibial/cuádriceps convencional (I/Qcon) y el índice de asimetría bilateral (AI) en las extremidades dominantes y no dominantes de 10 jugadores de fútbol se evaluaron utilizando un dinamómetro isocinético. Se utilizó la prueba t pareada para comparar todas las variables entre las temporadas preparatoria y competitiva. Se utilizó una prueba t de una muestra para comparar I/Qcon y AI con medias teóricas definidas como 0,6 y 10%, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron una mejora significativa en el torque máximo en el lado dominante tanto para los extensores de la rodilla (p=0,013) como para los flexores (p=0,003), mientras que no hubo diferencias significativas en el miembro no dominante. En cuanto a I/Qcon, los lados dominante y no dominante estuvieron por debajo de 0,6 durante las temporadas preparatoria y competitiva (p<0,001). El AI fue significativamente inferior al 10 % para los extensores de rodilla durante la temporada competitiva (p=0,001) y para los flexores de rodilla durante la temporada preparatoria (p=0,005), sin diferencia entre las temporadas preparatoria y competitiva para los extensores y flexores de rodilla. Estos resultados indican que la práctica del fútbol profesional aumenta potencialmente las asimetrías de fuerza entre los miembros inferiores, por lo tanto, se debe considerar la dominancia de los miembros inferiores al diseñar programas de entrenamiento de resistencia y prevención de lesiones para jugadores de fútbol profesional, así como también se debe prestar especial atención al fortalecimiento del flexor de la rodilla. músculos.

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Publicado
2023-02-26
Cómo citar
Albarello, J. C. dos S., Halmenschlager, G. H., Favreto, E., Fin, W., Ahlert, M., & Bona, C. C. (2023). ¿Puede la práctica del fútbol profesional provocar desequilibrios en la fuerza muscular?. RBFF - Revista Brasileña De Fútbol Sala Y Fútbol, 14(59), 485-493. Recuperado a partir de https://www.rbff.com.br/index.php/rbff/article/view/1301
Sección
Artículos Científicos - Originales