Associations between sleep and women's football: a systematic literature review
Abstract
Sleep plays a fundamental role in the development of the body and in the maintenance of physiological functions. Athletes show high signs of stress and anxiety, promoting situations of sleep disturbance, which can be harmful to health, athletes' performance and the incidence of injuries. Understanding the subject is increasingly important for sports teams and their technical committees, which want to prevent injuries and improve the performance of their athletes. We performed a systematic review on sleep associations in female soccer athletes. In addition, we highlight possible limitations of current studies in order to conclude with recommendations for further research. We carried out a systematic search of the literature in the Pubmed and Scielo databases, with the keywords "sleep, football and women" in Portuguese and English. Current and relevant articles with intervention reports were included in the research, relating it to the sleep assessment of athletes, through validated instruments such as polysomnography, questionnaires, and scales. Eight articles were included for the review. The selected studies showed that night time training and games, competitive game days, menstrual cycle days and the COVID19 pandemic can significantly affect sleep quality, especially total sleep time and sleep latency of female soccer athletes, which are important variables for the performance of athletes. New studies with strategies and manipulations need to be carried out in order to find ways and solutions to improve the sleep of athletes.
References
-American Sleep Disorders Association. The international classification of sleep disorders (diagnostic and coding manual). Kansas-DCSC. 1991.
-Antunes, H.K.; Andersen, M.L.; Tufik, S.; Mello M.T. Privação de sono e exercício físico. Rev Bras Med Esporte. Vol. 14. p.51-6. 2008. doi: 10.1590/S1517-86922008000100010.
-Armour, M.; Parry, K.A.; Steel K.; Smith C.A. Australian female athlete perceptions of the challenges associated with training and competing when menstrual symptoms are present. Int. J. Sports Sci. Coach. 2020. doi: 10.1177/1747954120916073.
-Barene, S.; Krustrup, P. Football and Zumba Training in Female Hospital Staff: Effects after 12 and 40 Weeks on Self-Reported Health Status, Emotional Wellbeing, General Self-Efficacy and Sleep Problems. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Vol. 19. Núm. 3. p.1685. 2022. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19031685.
-Carmichael, M.A.; Thomson, R.L.; Moran, L.J.; Dunstan, J.R.; Nelson, M.J.; Mathai, M.L.; Wycherley, T.P. A Pilot Study on the Impact of Menstrual Cycle Phase on Elite Australian Football Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Vol. 18. Núm. 18. p.9591. 2021. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18189591.
-Costa, J.A. É Tempo de Acordar: Monitorização do Sono em Atletas Femininas. Revista de Medicina Desportiva. 2019.
-Costa, J.A.; Brito J.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Figueiredo, P.; Oliveira, E.M.; Rebelo, A. Sleep patterns and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity in female athletes are affected by the timing of exercise and match location. Chronobiol Int. Vol. 36. Núm. 3. p.360-373. 2019. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1545782. a
-Costa, J.A.; Figueiredo, P.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Rago V.; Rebelo, A.; Brito J. Intra-individual variability of sleep and nocturnal cardiac autonomic activity in elite female soccer players during an international tournament. PLoS One. Vol. 14. Núm. 9. p.e0218635. 2019. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218635. b
-Costa, J.A.; Brito J.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Oliveira, E.M.; Costa, O.P.; Rebelo, A.N. Does Night Training Load Affect Sleep Patterns and Nocturnal Cardiac Autonomic Activity in High-Level Female Soccer Players? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. Vol. 14. Núm. 6. p.779-787. 2019. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0652. c
-Costa, J.A.; Figueiredo, P.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Rago V.; Rebelo, A.; Brito J. A influência das cargas de treino e jogo nos índices de sono em atletas da Seleção Nacional de futebol feminino durante um torneio internacional. Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Desportivo. 2020.
-Costa, J.A.; Figueiredo, P.; Nakamura, F.Y.; Rebelo, A.; Brito J. Monitoring Individual Sleep and Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability Indices: The Impact of Training and Match Schedule and Load in High-Level Female Soccer Players. Front Physiol. Vol. 12. p.678462. 2021. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.678462.
-Dattilo, M.; Antunes, H.K.; Medeiros, A.; Mônico-Neto, M.; Souza, H.D.E.S.; Lee, K.S.; Tufik, S.; Mello, M.T. Paradoxical sleep deprivation induces muscle atrophy. Muscle Nerve. Vol. 45. Núm. 3. p.431-3. 2012. doi: 10.1002/mus.22322.
-Facer-Childs, E.R.; Hoffman, D.; Tran, J.N.; Drummond, S.P.A.; Rajaratnam, S.M.W. Sleep and mental health in athletes during COVID-19 lockdown. Sleep. Vol. 44. Núm. 5. 2021. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa261.
-Freitas, V.H.; Souza, E.A.; Oliveira, R.S.; Pereira, L.A.; Nakamura, F.Y. Efeito de quatro dias consecutivos de jogos sobre a potência muscular, estresse e recuperação percebida, em jogadores de futsal. Rev. bras. educ. fís. Esporte. Vol. 28. Núm. 1. 2014. doi: 10.1590/S1807-55092014005000002.
-Fox, J.L.; Scanlan, A.T.; Stanton, R.; Sargent, C. The Effect of Game-Related Contextual Factors on Sleep in Basketball Players. J Strength Cond Res. Publish Ahead of Print. 2020. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003943.
-Fullagar, H.H.; Skorski, S.; Duffield, R.; Hammes, D.; Coutts. A.J.; Meyer, T. Sleep and athletic performance: the effects of sleep loss on exercise performance, and physiological and cognitive responses to exercise. Sports Med. Vol. 45. p.161-186. 2015. doi: 10.1007/s40279-014-0260-0.
-Hausswirth, C.; Louis, J.; Aubry, A.; Bonnet, G.; Duffield, R.; Le Meur, Y. Evidence of disturbed sleep and increased illness in overreached endurance athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 46. Núm. 5. p.1036-45. 2014. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000177.
-Hrozanova, M.; Klöckner, C.A.; Sandbakk, Ø.; Pallesen. S.; Moen, F. Sex differences in sleep and influence of the menstrual cycle on women’s sleep in junior endurance athletes. PLoS ONE. Vol. 16. e0253376. 2021. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253376.
-Juliff, L.E.; Halson, S.L.; Peiffer, J.J. Understanding sleep disturbance in athletes prior to important competitions. J Sci Med Sport. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.007
-Koikawa, N.; Takami, Y.; Kawasaki, Y.; Kawana, F.; Shiroshita, N.; Ogasawara, E.; Kasai, T. Changes in the objective measures of sleep between the initial nights of menses and the nights during the mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in collegiate female athletes. J. Clin. Sleep Med. 2020. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.8692.
-Kovacevic, A.; Mavros, Y.; Heisz, J.J.; Fiatarone Singh, M.A. The effect of resistance exercise on sleep: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Sleep Med Rev. Vol. 39. p.52-68. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.07.002.
-Krishnan, V.; Collop, N.A. Gender differences in sleep disorders. Current opinion in pulmonary medicine. Vol. 12. Núm. 6. p. 383. 2006. doi: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000245705.69440.6a.
-Krueger, J.M.; Frank, M.G.; Wisor, J.P.; Roy, S. Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma. Sleep Med Rev. Vol. 28. p.46-54. 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005.
-Kryger, M.H.; Roth, T.; Dement. W.C. Principles and practice of sleep medicin. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, c2011. 5th ed. 2011.
-Krystal, A.D.; Edinger, J.D. Measuring sleep quality. Sleep Med. Vol. 9. Suppl 1. p. S10-7. 2008. doi: 10.1016/S1389-9457(08)70011-X.
-Lastella, M.; Lovell, G.P.; Sargent, C. Athletes' precompetitive sleep behaviour and its relationship with subsequent precompetitive mood and performance. Eur J Sport Sci. Vol. 14. Suppl 1. p. S123-30. 2014. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2012.660505.
-Le Bon, O. Relationships between REM and NREM in the NREM-REM sleep cycle: a review on competing concepts. Sleep Med. Vol. 70. p.6-16. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.02.004.
-Leproult, R.; Van Cauter, E. Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism. Endocr Dev. Vol. 17. p.11-21. 2010. doi: 10.1159/000262524.
-Luke, A.; Lazaro, R.M.; Bergeron, M.F.; Keyser, L.; Benjamin, H.; Brenner, J.; d'Hemecourt, P.; Grady, M.; Philpott, J.; Smith, A. Sports-related injuries in youth athletes: is overscheduling a risk factor? Clin J Sport Med. Vol. 21. p.307e14. 2011. doi: 10.1097/JSM.0b013e3182218f71.
-Malhotra, R.K. Sleep, Recovery, and Performance in Sports. Neurol Clin. Vol. 35. Núm. 3. p. 547-557. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2017.03.002.
-Moen, F.; Olsen, M.; Halmøy, G.; Hrozanova, M. Variations in Elite Female Soccer Players' Sleep, and Associations With Perceived Fatigue and Soccer Games. Front Sports Act Living. Vol. 3. p.694537. 2021. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2021.694537.
-Mon-López, D.; García-Aliaga, A.; Ginés Bartolomé, A.; Muriarte Solana, D. How has COVID-19 modified training and mood in professional and non-professional football players? Physiol Behav. Vol. 227. p.113148. 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113148.
-Moreira, L.P.; Ferreira, G.S.; Virmondes, L.; Silva, A.G.; Rocco, D.D.M. Comparação da qualidade do sono entre homens e mulheres ativos fisicamente. Revista eletrônica saúde e ciência. Vol. 3. Núm. 2. 2013.
-Myllymäki, T.; Kyröläinen, H.; Savolainen, K.; Hokka, L.; Jakonen, R.; Juuti, T.; Martinmäki, K.; Kaartinen, J.; Kinnunen, M.L.; Rusko, H. Effects of vigorous late-night exercise on sleep quality and cardiac autonomic activity. J Sleep Res. Vol. 20. p.146-53. 2011. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00874.x.
-Nedelek, M.; Mccall, A.; Carling, C.; Legall, F.; Berthoin, S.; Dupont, G. Recovery in soccer: part I - post-match fatigue and time course of recovery. Sports Med. Vol. 42. Núm. 12. p.997-1015. 2012. doi: 10.2165/11635270-000000000-00000.
-Oda, S.; Shirakawa, K. Sleep onset is disrupted following pre-sleep exercise that causes large physiological excitement at bedtime. Eur J Appl Physiol. Vol. 114. Núm. 9. p.1789-99. 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2873-2.
-Ohayon, M.; Wickwire, E.M.; Hirshkowitz, M.; Albert, S.M.; Avidan, A.; Daly, F.J.; Dauvilliers, Y.; Ferri, R.; Fung, C.; Gozal, D.; Hazen, N.; Krystal, A.; Lichstein, K.; Mallampalli, M.; Plazzi, G.; Rawding, R.; Scheer, F.A.; Somers, V.; Vitiello, M.V. National Sleep Foundation's sleep quality recommendations: first report. Sleep Health. Vol. 3. Núm. 1. p.6-19. 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.sleh.2016.11.006.
-Rechtshaffen, A.; Kales, A. A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. Los Angeles (CA): UCLA Brain Information Service/Brain Research Institute. 1968.
-Samuels, C. Sleep, recovery, and performance: the new frontier in high-performance athletics. Neurol Clin. Vol. 26. Núm. 1. p. 169-80. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2007.11.012.
-Sargent, C.; Lastella, M.; Halson, S.L.; Roach, G.D. How Much Sleep Does an Elite Athlete Need? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. Vol. 16. Núm. 12. p.1746-1757. 2021. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0896.
-Skein, M.; Duffield, R.; Edge, J.; Short, M.J.; Mündel, T. Intermittent-sprint performance and muscle glycogen after 30 h of sleep deprivation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. Vol. 43. Núm. 7. p.1301-11. 2011. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31820abc5a
-Tayech, A.; Mejri, M.A.; Makhlouf, I.; Mathlouthi, A.; Behm, D.G.; Chaouachi, A. Second Wave of COVID-19 Global Pandemic and Athletes' Confinement: Recommendations to Better Manage and Optimize the Modified Lifestyle. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Vol. 17. Núm. 22. p.8385. 2020. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228385.
-Thun, E.; Bjorvatn, B.; Flo, E.; Harris, A.; Pallesen, S. Sleep, circadian rhythms, and athletic performance. Sleep Med Rev. Vol. 23. p.1-9. 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2014.11.003.
-Tranfield, D.; Denyer, D.; Smart, P. Towards a methodology for developing evidence‐informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management. Vol. 14. Núm. 3. p. 207-222. 2003. doi: 10.1111/1467-8551.00375.
-Tufik, S. Medicina e biologia do sono. Barueri-SP. Manole. 2008.
-Venter, R.E. Perceptions of team athletes on the importance of recovery modalities. Eur J Sport Sci. Vol. 14. p.S69-76. 2014. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2011.643924.
-Vitale, J.A.; Borghi, S.; Codella, R.; Lastella, M.; Nedelec, M.; Banfi, G.; La Torre, A. Are elite track and field athletes on track? The impact of COVID-19 outbreak on sleep behavior and training characteristics. Biol Sport. Vol. 38. Núm. 4. p.741-751. 2021. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.109950.
-Watson, A.M. Sleep and athletic performance. Current sports medicine reports. Vol. 16. Núm. 6. p. 413-418. 2017. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000418.
-Williams, M.A.; Haskell, W.L.; Ades, P.A.; Amsterdam, E.A.; Bittner, V.; Franklin, B.A.; Gulanick, M.; Laing, S.T.; Stewart, K.J. American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. Vol. 116. Núm. 5. p.572-84. 2007. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.185214.
-Winsley, R.; Matos, N. Overtraining and elite young athletes. Med Sport Sci. Vol. 56. p.97e105. 2011. doi: 10.1159/000320636.
-Youngstedt, S.D.; Ito, W.; Passos, G.S.; Santana, M.G.; Youngstedt, J.M. Testing the sleep hygiene recommendation against nighttime exercise. Sleep Breath. Vol. 25. Núm. 4. p.2189-2196. 2021. doi: 10.1007/s11325-020-02284-x.
Copyright (c) 2023 Gabriel Osti Massa, Beatriz Franco, Andrea Maculano Esteves
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License BY-NC which allows the sharing of the work with acknowledgment of the authorship of the work and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are authorized to enter into additional contracts separately for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in this journal (eg, publishing in institutional repository or book chapter), with acknowledgment of authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are allowed and encouraged to post and distribute their work online (eg, in institutional repositories or on their personal page) at any point before or during the editorial process, as this can bring about productive change as well as increase impact and impact. citation of published work (See The Effect of Free Access).
